Federal Funding

Mental Health and Substance Use Block Grants

Mental health and substance use block grant funding is distributed in a non-competitive manner to states based on congressionally mandated formulas and provides each state a consistent federal funding stream. States must submit applications to SAMHSA annually to be eligible for the funds. Block grant funding is used for prevention services and programs, treatment, and to support mental wellness and recovery. Texas block grant funding allotments for FY 2023 are shown below.

Texas Block Grant Summaries FY 2023*1

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*The chart above does not include federal funding through the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (H.R. 133) and the American Rescue Plan Act, 2021 (H.R. 1319). That information is detailed further below.

DSRIP 1115 Waiver Transition

The Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment Program (DSRIP) under Texas’s 1115 Healthcare Transformation and Quality Improvement Program Waiver (1115 Waiver) was a time-limited federal funding source for behavioral health. Starting in 2011, the 1115 Waiver was used to improve access to care and delivery of care for Medicaid enrollees and low-income, uninsured Texans because Texas did not choose to expand Medicaid through the Affordable Care Act.

Two major components of the 1115 Waiver were Uncompensated Care and DSRIP. The 1115 waiver allowed for statewide use of Medicaid managed care for eligible enrollees and provided uncompensated care funding for hospitals serving large numbers of uninsured patents. Uncompensated care funding is used when a patient is uninsured and unable to pay for their treatment.

DSRIP provided a pool of federal funds to be used in locally driven projects aimed at improving health care access and outcomes, and to innovate care delivery. The two target populations of the DSRIP program were Medicaid enrollees and low-income, uninsured people, but it also served others, such as people on Medicare and commercial insurance. DSRIP funded hospitals (public and private), community mental health centers (CMHC), physician practices (including academic health science centers, and local health departments).2

For the first five years of DSRIP, more than 1,400 projects delivered by 300 providers were established to improve access to care, test innovative care models, and address regional needs.3 Between FY 2014 and FY 2020, Texas received over $3 billion to fund over 460 behavioral health-related projects across the state.4 DSRIP projects were intended to provide opportunities for innovation while demonstrating cost neutrality.

DSRIP projects have had a direct impact on both access to behavioral health services and the quality of services provided. Many of the state’s DSRIP projects addressed mental health and substance use through integrated healthcare, expansion of peer support services, expanded telehealth and telemedicine, increase in outpatient locations, improvement in residential options, expansion of innovative services offered, and much more. DSRIP projects resulted in increased access to primary and preventive care, emergency department (ED) diversion, and enhanced services for individuals with behavioral health needs.5 Texas’s FY 2023 Coordinated Statewide Behavioral Health Expenditure Report provides a full list of DSRIP funded projects.6

In January 2021, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) approved a 10-year extension of the 1115 Transformation Waiver. Though this was later challenged by CMS, their rescission letter was withdrawn in 2022 and as of March 2024, the extension remains in effect until September 2030.7,8 While the 1115 Waiver was renewed, DSRIP was only authorized through September 30, 2021.9

Under the renewal, the DSRIP pool was $3.1 billion each year in federal fiscal years 2018 and 2019, $2.91 billion in 2020, $2.49 billion in 2021, and $0 in 2022.10 While no new DSRIP funds were made available after September 2021, CMS approved Texas to continue disbursement of approved DSRIP program funds through January 2024. This extension allowed close out of DSRIP program operational requirements and distribution of the remaining performance-based incentive payments to participants.11

Many questions emerged related to how behavioral health projects throughout the public mental health system that relied on DSRIP funding would continue in the future. Legislators, stakeholders, and advocates continue to monitor the impacts of DSRIP’s discontinuation. The Special Terms and Conditions of the renewal include a requirement for Texas to create a Transition Plan describing continued development of its delivery system reform efforts without DSRIP funding.12 The DSRIP Transition Plan approved by CMS includes five goals and eight milestones for its next steps.

The Directed Payment Program for Behavioral Health Services is one of four directed payment programs (DPPs) HHSC submitted to CMS for approval as part of its DSRIP Transition Plan. CMS approved DPP BHS for state fiscal year (SFY) 2024 on July 31, 2023.13 DPP BHS provides increased Medicaid payments to CMHCs that serve persons enrolled in STAR, STAR+PLUS, and STAR Kids. Two classes of providers are eligible to participate: (1) CMHCs with the Certified Community Behavioral Health Center (CCBHC) certification, and (2) CMHCs without CCBHC certification.14

Texas Targeted Opioid Response Program (TTOR)

In 2017, Texas began the Texas Targeted Opioid Response (TTOR) to address unprecedented numbers of opioid overdoses and Texans experiencing opioid-related impacts. In 2022, one in four Texans experienced or knew someone who experienced an opioid overdose.15 TTOR is a state and federal government partnership initiative, funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) through various time-limited grants. Since 2017, Texas has been awarded over $388 million in grant funds to the TTOR program.

TTOR Federal Grant Award Information16,17

GrantAmount (in millions)Grant Period
State Targeted Response Grant (STR)$54.7May 1, 2017 – April 30, 2020
State Opioid Response (SOR) Grant – 2018$92.4September 30, 2018 – September 29, 2021
SOR18 Supplemental Grant$24.2May 1, 2019 – September 29, 2021
Strategic Prevention Framework for Prescription Drugs (SPF-Rx)$1.8September 1, 2016 – August 31, 2021
Texas First Responders – Comprehensive Addition and Recovery Act (FR-CARA)$3.2September 30, 2017 – September 29, 2021
SOR20 Grant$104.4September 1, 2020 – September 29, 2023
SOR22 Grant$107.4September 30, 2022 – September 29, 2024
SOR24 Grant*$51.1FY 2024, beginning September 30, 2024, and can be used for up to three years

*Beginning FY 24, SOR grant awards will be awarded on every FY bases rather than every other FY.18

TTOR strategies span the continuum of care, identified within one of four program areas: prevention, integrated, treatment, and recovery. As of December 2023, TTOR encompasses:

Prevention

Integrated

Treatment

Recovery

TTOR prevention programs are statewide and an interactive map of TTOR-contracted service providers and programs for integrated, treatment, and recovery services is maintained by HHSC. In FY 2023, over $67 million was allocated from SAMHSA SOR grants to the TTOR program.19 Additionally, TTOR received funds from the Substance Use Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Services (SUPTRS) Block Grant, and the 2021 Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act (H.R. 133).20 This resulted in nine prevention programs offering statewide services, 25 programs, 141 service locations, and partial or whole funding of 60 contracts. Of the 60 contracts, 29 are overseen by TTOR or braided with partnering program but are funded in whole or in part by the SUPRTS Block grant or general revenue.

From May 2017 – August 2023, TTOR has funded:21

Prevention Services:

  • 52,134 health professionals received continuing education trainings;
  • 13,945 people have received overdose prevention education;
  • 596,332 naloxone kits have been distributed;
  • 13,945 people have received overdose prevention education;
  • 634,890 safe disposal units have been distributed;
  • 36 organizations have enrolled in the TxCOPE overdose reporting platform for organizations;
  • 2,646 people have accessed the TxCOPE overdose reporting platform for community members;
  • TTOR public awareness media campaign has been seen 104,227,131 times;
  • Opioid surveillance data dashboards have been viewed 80,799 times;
  • 6,367 people participated in Project ECHO Community of Practice sessions;
  • 1,964 people have received recovery workforce trainings on evidence-based practices for RSS and Recovery Management Programs; and
  • An estimated 617,293 students have received the PAX Good Behavior Game in Texas schools.

Integrated Services:

  • 407 pharmacies were trained in “Educate Before You Medicate”;
  • The Prescription Monitoring Program media campaign has been seen 80,515,588 times by health professionals;
  • 900 patients and allies received overdose prevention and naloxone education through family planning clinics;
  • Through SHOUT Texas, 5,787 hospital staff were given opioid use disorder treatment education;
  • Priority Admission Counselors at OSAR agencies screened 14,857 adults who reported a history of opioid use;
  • 298 people have received peer or behavioral health support services through the helpline;
  • Through the HEROES helpline project, 3,541 people attended continuing education events for first responders; and
  • Overdose prevention drop-in centers served 47,285 people.

Treatment Services:

  • MOUD (Medications for Opioid Use Disorder) was provided to 10,411 people in a clinic-based setting;
  • 23,595 health screenings, testing, and treatment services for comorbid conditions were available to people receiving MOUD;
  • MOUD was provided to 3,181 people in an office-based setting; and
  • 968 people used WEconnect, a mobile app that uses motivational reinforcement to support substance use recovery.

Recovery Support Services:

  • 21,307 people were offered peer recovery coaching services;
  • Long-term peer recovery coaching was provided to 1,972 people;
  • 3,652 people received “in-reach” services while in county jails, state prison facilities, and rehabilitative settings;
  • 312 people attended trainings to develop peer recovery communities for patients engaged with opioid treatment programs; and
  • Recovery housing was provided to 495 people who were participating in medication-assisted recovery.

COVID-19 Relief Funds

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government passed and funded a series of initiatives to provide economic relief to individuals, businesses, and state and local governments. As of August 31, 2023, the Legislative Budget Board (LBB) anticipated Texas receiving an estimated $80 billion to address the state’s response, mitigation, and recovery from COVID-19.22 Senate Bill 8 (87(3), Nelson/Bonnen) tasked the LBB with producing quarterly reports detailing the funds passed through the state as a result of six pieces of federal legislation, excluding funds that went directly to cities, counties, and other local government entities:

Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds

Over $350 billion for the Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (CSLFR) funds under ARPA went directly to units of local government. The U.S. Department of the Treasury provides public reporting, including quarterly project and expenditure reports. Additionally, state’s administrative agencies are responsible for annually publishing the state’s Recovery Plan, commenting on current and future use of funds until March 2027. The Office of the Texas Governor published its most recent State Recovery Plan in July 2023.

American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) of 2021

One federal piece of legislative action for distributing funds to states for COVID-19 relief was H.R. 1319, known as the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA).23 Signed into federal law on March 11, 2021, ARPA distributed funding to state and local governments, including approximately $40 billion throughout Texas.24,25 Over $16 billion of these funds were allocated to the State of Texas, which was one of the primary goals for the third special session of the 87th Texas Legislature.26 Through SB 8, the legislature appropriated over $13 billion, including $730 million to HHSC for a wide range of uses, including appropriations impacting mental health and/or substance use.27 These activities included:

  • $237.8 million to construct a new state hospital in the Dallas area;
  • $75 million to grants to support rural hospitals;
  • $15 million to Sunrise Canyon Hospital in Lubbock; and
  • $378.3 million for one-time grants for staffing needs, of which $200 million was for nursing facilities only. The remaining $178.3 was available for assisted living, home health, facilities that serve persons with IDD/developmental disabilities, and community attendant services.

Additional state agencies were appropriated funds through SB 8 that impacted the mental health and well-being of Texans, including:

  • Over $500 million to broadband infrastructure (Comptroller of Public Accounts);
  • $95 million to supplement funding to food banks (Department of Agriculture);
  • Over $113 million to the Texas Child Mental Health Care Consortium (Higher Education Coordinating Board); and
  • $40 million to construct a 100-bed behavioral health center for the Permian Basin (Texas Facilities Commission).

Mental Health and Substance Use Block Grants

In addition to ARPA, the federal government passed the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, or H.R.133, in 2021.28 Through H.R. 133 and ARPA, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) awarded over $5 billion to states through the Community Mental Health Block Grant (MHBG) and the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant (SABG). Texas received a combined total of over $450 million.29

According to HHSC, given the limited time in which the H.R. 133 and ARPA funds were available for expenditure, service procurement required “an efficient contracting approach.” Thus, HHSC identified 350 providers currently delivering mental health and substance use services to expand, establish, or enhance their current projects through direct contracts and amendments.30,31

Projects include:

  • State hospital step-down to the community;
  • Housing initiatives;
  • Texas housing support line;
  • Rural crisis response and diversion;
  • Crisis hotline and mobile crisis outreach team expansion;
  • Mental health outpatient capacity expansion;
  • Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC);
  • Peer and recovery support services;
  • Substance use public awareness;
  • Substance use treatment;
  • Overdose prevention and crisis response; and
  • Virtual behavioral health.

The funding is set to expire on September 30, 2025.32 Detailed information on Texas ARPA and related COVID-19 funding and projects can be found in the HHSC COVID-19 Supplemental Funding Primer.

Education Funds from COVID-19 Federal Relief Funding

Over $21 billion of additional COVID-19 federal relief funding for public schools was allocated directly to districts, to the Texas Education Agency (TEA),  or passed through the agency to local education agencies (LEAs) and educational services centers (ESCs).33,34,35 While supporting the emotional and mental health needs of students were allowable uses of funds, the state used their discretion to prioritize supplementing funds for attendance and learning loss during the pandemic. Spending data as reported through February 29, 2024 identifies Texas has over 25 percent of ARPA funds unspent.36 Overall, research identifies Texas as one of a handful of states with some of the most complex challenges as Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) funds expire.37,38

Funds that flowed through TEA to LEAs and ESCs are listed by receiving entity on the agency’s website.

Federal LegislationApproximate Funding AmountUse of Funding
Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act – Coronavirus Relief Fund (CRF)$1 billionDirected as “supplemental funding to Texas public schools, covering general expenses in 2019-
20, operation connectivity reimbursements, personal protective equipment (PPE), and remote instruction support.”39
CARES Act –
Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER I) 		$1.3 billionThe intent of the funds was to “prevent, prepare for, or respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, including its impact on the social, emotional, mental health, and academic needs of students.”40 Texas used funds to cover the cost of holding districts harmless from reduced attendance due to the pandemic.41
Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Act, 2020 (CPRSA) –ESSER II$5.6 billionThe intent of the funds was to supplement ESSER I funds. A significant portion was used to hold school districts harmless for reduced attendance in the final semester of the 2020-2021 school year.42 The remaining funds were provided through grants to LEAs.
American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) – ESSER III$12.43 billionTexas submitted an approved state plan to the U.S. Department of Education.43 These funds were provided through grants to LEAs and required to have a plan of use.44
ARPA – ESSER Homeless Children and Youth$81.3 millionTexas was required to submit a plan for use of funds.45 These funds were distributed through two grant cycles to LEAs. They are intended to increase capacity to identify, enroll, and provide wraparound services to homeless children and youth due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.46
ARPA – state grants for special education$258.6 million ($12.6 million for preschool)Funds used to help provide special education and related services needed to make a free appropriate public education available to all eligible children and, in some cases, to provide early intervening services.47

Distribution of Federal COVID-19 Relief Funding by TEA48

References

  1. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2023). Texas summaries FY 2023. https://www.samhsa.gov/grants-awards-by-state/TX/2023 ↩︎
  2. Texas Health and Human Services Commission. (2022). Funding impacts of the Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment program transition. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/funding-impacts-dsrip-transition-report.pdf ↩︎
  3. Texas Health and Human Services Commission. (2020). Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment (DSRIP) transition plan. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/laws-regulations/policies-rules/Waivers/medicaid-1115-waiver/dsrip-transition-plan.pdf ↩︎
  4. Texas Health and Human Services. (2023). Coordinated statewide behavioral health expenditure proposal fiscal year 2023. Statewide Behavioral Health Coordinating Council. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/statewide-bh-expenditure-fy2023.pdf ↩︎
  5. Texas Health and Human Services Commission. (2020). Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment (DSRIP) transition plan. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/laws-regulations/policies-rules/Waivers/medicaid-1115-waiver/dsrip-transition-plan.pdf ↩︎
  6. Texas Health and Human Services. (2023). Coordinated statewide behavioral health expenditure proposal fiscal year 2023. Statewide Behavioral Health Coordinating Council. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/statewide-bh-expenditure-fy2023.pdf ↩︎
  7. Texas Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Waiver renewal. Retrieved March 30, 2024. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/regulations/policies-rules/waivers/medicaid-1115-waiver/waiver-renewal ↩︎
  8. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid. (n.d.). Texas Healthcare Transformation and Quality Improvement Program. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Retrieved April 2, 2024. https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/section-1115-demo/demonstration-and-waiver-list/83231 ↩︎
  9. Verma, S. (2021). Centers for Medicare& Medicaid approval of Texas Healthcare Transformation and Quality Improvement Program. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.   https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/section-1115-demonstrations/downloads/tx-healthcare-transformation-cms-approval-01152021.pdf ↩︎
  10. Texas Health and Human Services Commission. (2020). Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment (DSRIP) transition plan. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/laws-regulations/policies-rules/Waivers/medicaid-1115-waiver/dsrip-transition-plan.pdf
    ↩︎
  11. Seagraves, J. (2021, September 23). DSRIP transition partner engagement & executive waiver committee quarterly meeting [PowerPoint slides]. Texas Health and Human Services Commission.as Health and Human Services Commission. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/laws-regulations/policies-rules/Waivers/medicaid-1115-waiver/dsrip-transition-plan.pdf ↩︎
  12. Ibid. ↩︎
  13. Texas Health and Human Services. (n.d.) Directed Payment Program for Behavioral Health Services (DPP BHS). Retrieved April 2, 2024.  https://www.hhs.texas.gov/providers/medicaid-business-resources/medicaid-chip-directed-payment-programs/directed-payment-program-behavioral-health-services-dpp-bhs ↩︎
  14. Texas Health and Human Services. (2022). Funding impacts of the Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment program transition. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/funding-impacts-dsrip-transition-report.pdf ↩︎
  15. Texas Health and Human Services. (2023). Texas Targeted Opioid Response. https://etss.hhs.texas.gov/t/IDDBHS-ODS/views/TTORPrimer_16685487650260/CoverPage?%3Aembed=y&%3Aiid=2&%3AisGuestRedirectFromVizportal=y ↩︎
  16. Texas Health and Human Services. (2023). Texas Targeted Opioid Response. https://etss.hhs.texas.gov/t/IDDBHS-ODS/views/TTORPrimer_16685487650260/GrantAwardInformation?%3Aembed=y&%3Aiid=2&%3AisGuestRedirectFromVizportal=y ↩︎
  17. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2024). Grants Dashboard – TI-24-008 State Opioid Response grants awards. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.samhsa.gov/grants/grant-announcements/ti-24-008 ↩︎
  18. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2024, September 26). Biden-Harris Administration awards more than $1.5 Billion in State and Tribal Opioid Response grants to advance the President’s Unity Agenda for the Nation [Press release]. https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2024/09/26/biden-harris-administration-awards-more-1-5-billion-state-tribal-opioid-response-grants.html ↩︎
  19. Texas Health and Human Services. (2022). Texas Targeted Opioid Response report card – FY23. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ttor-report-card.pdf ↩︎
  20. Ibid. ↩︎
  21. Texas Health and Human Services. (2023). Texas Targeted Opioid Response. https://etss.hhs.texas.gov/t/IDDBHS-ODS/views/TTORPrimer_16685487650260/CoverPage?%3Aembed=y&%3Aiid=2&%3AisGuestRedirectFromVizportal=y
    [1] https://www.lbb.texas.gov/Covid-19_Reporting.aspx ↩︎
  22. https://www.lbb.texas.gov/Covid-19_Reporting.aspx ↩︎
  23. Library of Congress. (2021). H.R.1319 – American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319/actions
    ↩︎
  24. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. (2021). 2021 federal funding to Texas. https://comptroller.texas.gov/economy/resources/funding.php#:~:text=The%20American%20Rescue%20Plan%20Act,View%20ARPA%20page%202%20larger ↩︎
  25. United States Treasury. (2022). Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds. https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-state-local-and-tribal-governments/state-and-local-fiscal-recovery-funds ↩︎
  26. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. (2021). 2021 federal funding to Texas. https://comptroller.texas.gov/economy/resources/funding.php#:~:text=The%20American%20Rescue%20Plan%20Act,View%20ARPA%20page%202%20larger ↩︎
  27. https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/BillSummary.aspx?LegSess=873&Bill=SB8 ↩︎
  28. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. (2022). Coronavirus Relief federal funding accounting policy for the State of Texas. https://fmx.cpa.texas.gov/fmx/disaster/coronavirus_relief/index.php ↩︎
  29. Health and Human Services Commission. (2022). COVID-19 supplemental funding primer: Intellectual and Developmental Disability and behavioral health services. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/covid-19-federal-supplemental-funding-primer-jan-2022.pdf ↩︎
  30. Texas Health and Human Services Commission. (2022). COVID-19 supplemental funding primer: Intellectual and Developmental Disability and behavioral health services. https://www.hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/covid-19-federal-supplemental-funding-primer-jan-2022.pdf ↩︎
  31. Ibid. ↩︎
  32. Ibid. ↩︎
  33. Texas Education Agency (2022). Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) grant programs. https://tea.texas.gov/finance-and-grants/grants/elementary-and-secondary-school-emergency-relief-esser-grant-programs ↩︎
  34. Hicks, S. (2021). Presentation to the Texas House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations, March 29, 2021, Federal funds update. Office of the Texas Governor. https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/87R/handouts/C0302021032911001/c642a2bc-5d00-4f64-ac59-a811b092412f.PDF ↩︎
  35. Texas Legislative Budget Board. (n.d.). COVID-19 reporting, funds that flowed through the state. https://www.lbb.texas.gov/Covid-19_Reporting.aspx ↩︎
  36. U.S. Department of Education. (n.d.). Texas: COVID-19 relief data. Retrieved December 16, 2024, from https://covid-relief-data.ed.gov/profile/state/TX ↩︎
  37. Education Resource Strategies. (n.d.). Analysis of ESSER funds fiscal cliff by state. Retrieved December 16, 2024, from https://www.erstrategies.org/tap/analysis-esser-funds-fiscal-cliff-by-state/ ↩︎
  38. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. (n.d.). Expiration of federal K-12 emergency funds could pose challenges for schools. Retrieved December 16, 2024, from https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/expiration-of-federal-k-12-emergency-funds-could-pose-challenges-for ↩︎
  39. Texas Education Agency. https://tea.texas.gov/texas-schools/health-safety-discipline/covid/federal-funds-superintendent-call.pdf ↩︎
  40. Texas Education Agency. (n.d.). ESSER I, ESSER II, and ESSER III side by side requirement document. Retrieved October 18, 2022, from https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/esser-side-by-side.pdf ↩︎
  41. Texas Association of School Boards. (2021). Legislative summary for TASB members 2021, Regular session of the 87th Texas Legislature. https://www.tasb.org/members/documents/legislative-summary-for-tasb-members-2021.pdf ↩︎
  42. Ibid. ↩︎
  43. Texas Education Agency. (2021). State plan for the American Rescue Plan Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund to the U.S. Department of Education. https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/covid/Texas-ARP-ESSER-State-Plan.pdf ↩︎
  44. Texas Education Agency. (n.d.). ARP ESSER III grant program. Retrieved October 18, 2022, from https://tea.texas.gov/finance-and-grants/grants/arp-esser-iii-grant-program ↩︎
  45. Texas Education Agency. (n.d.). ARP Homeless and II state plan submission/ Retrieved October 18, 2022, from  https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/09/Texas-ARP-HCY-State-Plan.pdf ↩︎
  46. Texas Education Agency. (n.d.). TEA grant opportunities. Retrieved October 18, 2022, from https://tea4avalonzo.tea.state.tx.us/GrantOpportunities/forms/GrantProgramSearch.aspx ↩︎
  47. [1] Texas Legislative Budget Board. (2022). COVID-19 federal funding. https://www.lbb.texas.gov/Documents/Covid/ARPA_report.pdf ↩︎
  48. Texas Education Agency. (2021). 2021 TEA annual report. https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/tea-annual-report-2021.pdf ↩︎

Updated on December 16th, 2024



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